Design and Operation of an Ultrafiltration Plant for the Production of Drinking Water out of the River Scheldt
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2011)
In April 2009, the production capacity of the conventional drinking water treatment plant âde Gaversâ in Harelbeke, Belgium, was extended from 25,000 to 32,000 mÂł/day by the construction of an ultrafi ltration unit. In this paper, the design of the ultrafi ltration unit is elaborated and the fi rst operational results with respect to membrane fouling, membrane integrity and effl uent quality are presented. With respect to membrane fouling, in-line coagulation applying a small dose of fl occulant was found to be necessary to keep membrane fouling under control. Membrane integrity testing demonstrated a log 4 removal for micro-organisms larger than 3 Îźm. Compared to the conventional coagulation-fi ltration plant the ultrafi ltration unit produces an effl uent with lower bacteria counts. Moreover, the turbidity of its effl uent is also substantially lower. However, the hydraulic yield of ultrafi ltration is considerably lower than that of the conventional treatment and it results in a higher waste water production.
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2011)
In April 2009, the production capacity of the conventional drinking water treatment plant âde Gaversâ in Harelbeke, Belgium, was extended from 25,000 to 32,000 mÂł/day by the construction of an ultrafi ltration unit. In this paper, the design of the ultrafi ltration unit is elaborated and the fi rst operational results with respect to membrane fouling, membrane integrity and effl uent quality are presented. With respect to membrane fouling, in-line coagulation applying a small dose of fl occulant was found to be necessary to keep membrane fouling under control. Membrane integrity testing demonstrated a log 4 removal for micro-organisms larger than 3 Îźm. Compared to the conventional coagulation-fi ltration plant the ultrafi ltration unit produces an effl uent with lower bacteria counts. Moreover, the turbidity of its effl uent is also substantially lower. However, the hydraulic yield of ultrafi ltration is considerably lower than that of the conventional treatment and it results in a higher waste water production.
Biofilms on aged Materials in Household Installation Systems
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (8/2010)
The causes of contamination originate in the water itself and on materials in contact with water. Drinking water is not sterile and does not have to be. Water treatment plantsâ strategy consists in removing the nutrients that bacteria feed on to produce âbiostableâ drinking water. This allows in many cases chlorination to be avoided. But it is known that even biologically stable drinking water with very low nutrient content still contains micro-organisms. These micro-organisms can multiply themselves if they encounter nutrients.
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (8/2010)
The causes of contamination originate in the water itself and on materials in contact with water. Drinking water is not sterile and does not have to be. Water treatment plantsâ strategy consists in removing the nutrients that bacteria feed on to produce âbiostableâ drinking water. This allows in many cases chlorination to be avoided. But it is known that even biologically stable drinking water with very low nutrient content still contains micro-organisms. These micro-organisms can multiply themselves if they encounter nutrients.
Developing an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Concept for the Capital BrasĂlia
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (8/2010)
IWAS-Ăqua DF BrasĂlia
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (8/2010)
IWAS-Ăqua DF BrasĂlia
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Flip Bucket Splitters on Plunge Pool Geometry
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (4/2010)
Flip buckets are common hydraulic structures aiming at deflecting high velocity flows to a free jet trajectory. Systematic experimental tests have been performed to assess the influence on energy dissipation and the plunge pool geometry of varied repartitions of splitters along the flip bucket width. In particular, it is shown that some configurations can create more erosion than a continuous channel without flip bucket.
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (4/2010)
Flip buckets are common hydraulic structures aiming at deflecting high velocity flows to a free jet trajectory. Systematic experimental tests have been performed to assess the influence on energy dissipation and the plunge pool geometry of varied repartitions of splitters along the flip bucket width. In particular, it is shown that some configurations can create more erosion than a continuous channel without flip bucket.
CPF Cast Surfaces Prove their Worth in Drinking Water Reservoirs
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2009)
According to EN 1508 [1], âService reservoirs shall be designed, constructed and operated to prevent contamination or other chemical, physical and biological changes that are detrimental to the water qualityâ. Only approved materials shall be used in the surfaces in contact with the stored water. â In order to facilitate subsequent cleaning and avoid bacterial growth, internal surfaces shall be as smooth and pore-free as possible.
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2009)
According to EN 1508 [1], âService reservoirs shall be designed, constructed and operated to prevent contamination or other chemical, physical and biological changes that are detrimental to the water qualityâ. Only approved materials shall be used in the surfaces in contact with the stored water. â In order to facilitate subsequent cleaning and avoid bacterial growth, internal surfaces shall be as smooth and pore-free as possible.
Long term experience with Germanyâs largest membrane filtration plant for drinking water production (7,000 m3/h)
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2009)
Currently, around 100 membrane filtration plants are in operation in Germany, of which 85 % are operated with low pressure porous microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. About 90 % of the total number of plants uses spring and well water as a raw water resource and just 7 % are fed with reservoir water. However, related to the total capacity of roughly 325,000 m3 produced drinking water per day by porous membranes in Germany about 60 % is from reservoir water, meaning a lot of water is produced by a small number of large plants.
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2009)
Currently, around 100 membrane filtration plants are in operation in Germany, of which 85 % are operated with low pressure porous microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. About 90 % of the total number of plants uses spring and well water as a raw water resource and just 7 % are fed with reservoir water. However, related to the total capacity of roughly 325,000 m3 produced drinking water per day by porous membranes in Germany about 60 % is from reservoir water, meaning a lot of water is produced by a small number of large plants.
Raw water quality prognosis
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2009)
Hydrogeochemical modelling of raw water quality â a planning and forecasting tool
© Vulkan-Verlag GmbH (9/2009)
Hydrogeochemical modelling of raw water quality â a planning and forecasting tool
Energy efficient process for xylene isomer separation: The use of nanocomposite MFI-ceramic hollow fibres
© Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (6/2009)
The use of hollow fibre geometry has long been a solution for improving the performance of lessenergy intensive membrane-based separation processes. Industrial application of this type of configuration is known in water treatment where polymer hollow fibres are commonly used. However polymer hollow fibres are thermally and chemically unstable and thus insuitable for high temperature applications.
© Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (6/2009)
The use of hollow fibre geometry has long been a solution for improving the performance of lessenergy intensive membrane-based separation processes. Industrial application of this type of configuration is known in water treatment where polymer hollow fibres are commonly used. However polymer hollow fibres are thermally and chemically unstable and thus insuitable for high temperature applications.
Optimisation of water resources management for insular and geographically isolated areas
© Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (6/2009)
Recently, more attention has been given to the utilization of alternative water sources, such as desalinated seawater and reclaimed water, particularly in insular areas lacking substantial freshwater resources. The use of mathematical modelling can assist in making the right decisions, with respect to water management, as the increased complexity, due to various potential solutions, is impending the derivation of the optimal solution.
© Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (6/2009)
Recently, more attention has been given to the utilization of alternative water sources, such as desalinated seawater and reclaimed water, particularly in insular areas lacking substantial freshwater resources. The use of mathematical modelling can assist in making the right decisions, with respect to water management, as the increased complexity, due to various potential solutions, is impending the derivation of the optimal solution.
Sorption kinetics of PAH by using various sorbents
© Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (6/2009)
Polycyclic aromatic hyrocarbons (PAH), which are a large group of organic compounds with two or more fused rings, are an important threat to the environment. They occur in the aquatic environment as the result of oil spills, ship traffic, pyrolytic processes, domestic and industrial wastewater discharges.
© Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (6/2009)
Polycyclic aromatic hyrocarbons (PAH), which are a large group of organic compounds with two or more fused rings, are an important threat to the environment. They occur in the aquatic environment as the result of oil spills, ship traffic, pyrolytic processes, domestic and industrial wastewater discharges.
