7. Entrepreneurship, EQf 4 Premium
© AIRE (Adapting and installing an international vocational training for renewable energy) (1/2012)
Which knowledge, skills and competences does an AIRE specialist need as far as running a company, finding the most economical solutions and calculating projects is concerned?
© AIRE (Adapting and installing an international vocational training for renewable energy) (1/2012)
Which knowledge, skills and competences does an AIRE specialist need as far as running a company, finding the most economical solutions and calculating projects is concerned?
A British view on the German approach towards EPR
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
Unlike most of the other EU MSs where the German Grune Punkt (green dot) system has been adopted, although never in full, the UK was determined that it would adopt a different approach. From the start of the UK’s government thinking about the way in which the UK should tackle the publicly and politically prominent issue of packaging waste the German system for EPR for packaging had a profound effect on the way in which the United Kingdom’s legislation and practices for the recovery of packaging waste has been undertaken.
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
Unlike most of the other EU MSs where the German Grune Punkt (green dot) system has been adopted, although never in full, the UK was determined that it would adopt a different approach. From the start of the UK’s government thinking about the way in which the UK should tackle the publicly and politically prominent issue of packaging waste the German system for EPR for packaging had a profound effect on the way in which the United Kingdom’s legislation and practices for the recovery of packaging waste has been undertaken.
An Economic Analysis of WEEE Policies: Case Studies from Germany and Japan
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
The quantity of e-waste is rapidly growing, especially in the industrialized countries where markets continue to be flooded with an ever increasing number of electronic products. Most technologies introduced into the markets today contain electronic parts, and existing equipment will sooner or later be upgraded with digital technology. This is the result of the digital revolution, which has continued to change our lives since the 1980ties. For example, the technological challenges associated with the politically enforced accelerated generation of electrical energy by means of renewable energy sources are, as smart energy, substantially dependent on sophisticated electronic equipment.
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
The quantity of e-waste is rapidly growing, especially in the industrialized countries where markets continue to be flooded with an ever increasing number of electronic products. Most technologies introduced into the markets today contain electronic parts, and existing equipment will sooner or later be upgraded with digital technology. This is the result of the digital revolution, which has continued to change our lives since the 1980ties. For example, the technological challenges associated with the politically enforced accelerated generation of electrical energy by means of renewable energy sources are, as smart energy, substantially dependent on sophisticated electronic equipment.
Implementation of EPR in Greece: State of the art, challenges and trends
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
In Greece, the Packaging Directive was incorporated into the national legal system by the Law 2939/2001, also setting the entire EPR legal framework in the country. Law 2939/2001 had a farsighted perspective, which facilitated the further adoption of the different EPR EU Directives as well as the regulation of other waste-streams, which are not specifically under the EPR regime in the EU legislation, although their recycling and / or valorisation is required (e.g. used tires and construction & demolition waste) under the EPR context.
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
In Greece, the Packaging Directive was incorporated into the national legal system by the Law 2939/2001, also setting the entire EPR legal framework in the country. Law 2939/2001 had a farsighted perspective, which facilitated the further adoption of the different EPR EU Directives as well as the regulation of other waste-streams, which are not specifically under the EPR regime in the EU legislation, although their recycling and / or valorisation is required (e.g. used tires and construction & demolition waste) under the EPR context.
Waste Management in 20 years – an outlook
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
Also in the future we will have a demand of cheap raw material, energy, clean water, safe products and food. Waste management will be connected with these basic needs of a society and even more integrated. On one hand we have to deal with the past. The aftercare of contaminated sites, landfills and the dismantling of products produced 5 or 10 years ago. Houses which are built 20, 50 or 100 years ago with construction material which might be not in use and almost unknown is 20 years. On the other hand we have to handle future problems. What I can see are products with new materials and material combinations which have to be dismantled and recycled.
© TU Dresden - Institut für Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (9/2011)
Also in the future we will have a demand of cheap raw material, energy, clean water, safe products and food. Waste management will be connected with these basic needs of a society and even more integrated. On one hand we have to deal with the past. The aftercare of contaminated sites, landfills and the dismantling of products produced 5 or 10 years ago. Houses which are built 20, 50 or 100 years ago with construction material which might be not in use and almost unknown is 20 years. On the other hand we have to handle future problems. What I can see are products with new materials and material combinations which have to be dismantled and recycled.
Municipal Solid Waste sorting and treatment in Romania: strategies of energy recovery from two pilot case studies
© Wasteconsult International (5/2011)
In the past decade, one of the main topics analyzed in the waste management area is how to dispose of the large quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW).
© Wasteconsult International (5/2011)
In the past decade, one of the main topics analyzed in the waste management area is how to dispose of the large quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW).
Current State and Potential for Increasing Plastics Recycling in the U.S.
© WtERT USA , Columbia University, Earth Engineering Center (10/2010)
Plastics are a relatively new man‐made material that provides vast material benefits throughout their useful lifespan. However, their end of life disposal currently leaves much to be desired. The U.S. EPA estimates that 30 million tons (16.8% according to the EPA estimate of MSW and 8% according to the BioCycle/Columbia national survey) of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in the US annually is in the form of plastics.1 Of this amount only 7% is recovered for recycling , mostly in the form of polyethylene, and roughly 10% is combusted in waste‐to‐energy (WTE) facilities to generate electricity. The remainder of plastic wastes are landfilled, which is clearly a loss of non‐renewable, fossilbased resources. Also, plastics litter in some cases poses a threat to human health and also threatens other ecosystems. For example, there is an estimated 100 million tons of plastic litter in the oceans, with millions more tons added each year.
© WtERT USA , Columbia University, Earth Engineering Center (10/2010)
Plastics are a relatively new man‐made material that provides vast material benefits throughout their useful lifespan. However, their end of life disposal currently leaves much to be desired. The U.S. EPA estimates that 30 million tons (16.8% according to the EPA estimate of MSW and 8% according to the BioCycle/Columbia national survey) of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in the US annually is in the form of plastics.1 Of this amount only 7% is recovered for recycling , mostly in the form of polyethylene, and roughly 10% is combusted in waste‐to‐energy (WTE) facilities to generate electricity. The remainder of plastic wastes are landfilled, which is clearly a loss of non‐renewable, fossilbased resources. Also, plastics litter in some cases poses a threat to human health and also threatens other ecosystems. For example, there is an estimated 100 million tons of plastic litter in the oceans, with millions more tons added each year.
Plastic Flows from Production to (optimal) Recycling
© Wasteconsult International (6/2010)
During the last 50 years, plastic materials have become one of the most important types of materials used in various branches. Due to their special features, i.e. low weight, availability and costs, they have substituted or replaced many traditional materials and are at present widely applied in short- and long-life products. They are dominating the packaging market, and are more and more commonly used in automotive and building sectors. Therefore, assessment of plastic flows and their appropriate management, in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development, has recently become an important issue in modern societies, worth more comprehensive investigations.
© Wasteconsult International (6/2010)
During the last 50 years, plastic materials have become one of the most important types of materials used in various branches. Due to their special features, i.e. low weight, availability and costs, they have substituted or replaced many traditional materials and are at present widely applied in short- and long-life products. They are dominating the packaging market, and are more and more commonly used in automotive and building sectors. Therefore, assessment of plastic flows and their appropriate management, in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development, has recently become an important issue in modern societies, worth more comprehensive investigations.
Industrial quality raw material: Mixed PET plastic can be prepared for mechanical recycling
© Deutscher Fachverlag (DFV) (6/2010)
The Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT in Pfinztal-Berghausen near Karlsruhe (Southern Germany) has developed and tested a process to prepare mixed PET (polyethylene terephthalate) from sorted packaging waste for mechanical recycling. The material can be used for injection moulded parts in technical applications.
© Deutscher Fachverlag (DFV) (6/2010)
The Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT in Pfinztal-Berghausen near Karlsruhe (Southern Germany) has developed and tested a process to prepare mixed PET (polyethylene terephthalate) from sorted packaging waste for mechanical recycling. The material can be used for injection moulded parts in technical applications.
Complete utilisation of plastics: A study looks at the consumption and utilisation of plastics in Germany
© Deutscher Fachverlag (DFV) (6/2010)
Consumption of plastic in Germany continues to increase. The issue of waste utilisation in Germany has been clarified: more than 96 per cent of plastic waste is now utilised. Consequently, plastics are an important resource even after their first usage phase.
© Deutscher Fachverlag (DFV) (6/2010)
Consumption of plastic in Germany continues to increase. The issue of waste utilisation in Germany has been clarified: more than 96 per cent of plastic waste is now utilised. Consequently, plastics are an important resource even after their first usage phase.
