3. Other Forms of Energy, EQF 3 Premium
© AIRE (Adapting and installing an international vocational training for renewable energy) (1/2012)
Which knowledge, skills and competences does an AIRE specialist need as far as usual forms of energy are concerned?
© AIRE (Adapting and installing an international vocational training for renewable energy) (1/2012)
Which knowledge, skills and competences does an AIRE specialist need as far as usual forms of energy are concerned?
The Barriers to the Successful Development of Commercial Grid Connected Renewable Electricity Projects in Australia, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2011)
What are the barriers to the development of commercial grid connected renewable electricity projects? This article examines the technical, economic, political and social barriers to such renewable energy projects with a specific focus on Australia, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. With the advancement of renewable energy becoming increasingly linked to climate law and policy developments; the article explores the institutional challenges, economic barriers, regulatory hurdles, and social attitudes impacting, and often slowing, the diffusion of cleaner sources of electricity supply. The article also provides an overview of the core drivers and barriers in the above jurisdictions.
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2011)
What are the barriers to the development of commercial grid connected renewable electricity projects? This article examines the technical, economic, political and social barriers to such renewable energy projects with a specific focus on Australia, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. With the advancement of renewable energy becoming increasingly linked to climate law and policy developments; the article explores the institutional challenges, economic barriers, regulatory hurdles, and social attitudes impacting, and often slowing, the diffusion of cleaner sources of electricity supply. The article also provides an overview of the core drivers and barriers in the above jurisdictions.
Green Energy Policies in South East Europe – The Impact of Prospective EU Membership
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2011)
This paper examines the reasons for the adoption of “green” policies in the field of energy and climate change in four South East European (SEE) countries – Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It evaluates the extent to which these policies are influenced by the European Union (EU) as opposed to other factors, such as international obligations, domestic pressures (from NGOs, the private sector, political parties), perceived business opportunities, or concern for the environment. Theoretically, the paper primarily relies on the rationalist institutionalism approach, which focuses on the use of conditionality in the EU accession process. The empirical part of the paper is based upon 30 semi-structured questionnaire responses from and interviews with government officials, NGO representatives, and experts from international organizations actively involved in the field. Overall the underlying incentive of EU membership was evaluated as the most powerful generator of green energy policies in SEE. While other factors seem to act in synergy with the EU’s demands, responses suggest that it is unlikely these factors would have led to the adoption of the green policies/programs outside of the EU context. However, differences among the countries examined do exist. They can be attributed to a certain extent to the countries’ differences in their progress on the path to the EU, although some level of variation, due to a number of political, economic, and social circumstances, is to be expected.
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2011)
This paper examines the reasons for the adoption of “green” policies in the field of energy and climate change in four South East European (SEE) countries – Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It evaluates the extent to which these policies are influenced by the European Union (EU) as opposed to other factors, such as international obligations, domestic pressures (from NGOs, the private sector, political parties), perceived business opportunities, or concern for the environment. Theoretically, the paper primarily relies on the rationalist institutionalism approach, which focuses on the use of conditionality in the EU accession process. The empirical part of the paper is based upon 30 semi-structured questionnaire responses from and interviews with government officials, NGO representatives, and experts from international organizations actively involved in the field. Overall the underlying incentive of EU membership was evaluated as the most powerful generator of green energy policies in SEE. While other factors seem to act in synergy with the EU’s demands, responses suggest that it is unlikely these factors would have led to the adoption of the green policies/programs outside of the EU context. However, differences among the countries examined do exist. They can be attributed to a certain extent to the countries’ differences in their progress on the path to the EU, although some level of variation, due to a number of political, economic, and social circumstances, is to be expected.
The Neglected Consumer: The Case of the Smart Meter Rollout in the Netherlands
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2011)
Smart metering is an important tool in support of the transition to decentralized renewable energy production. However, the introduction of such a new tool requires careful preparation in order to convince people to accept it in their homes. The Dutch experience shows, that smart metering is up for failure when the technical and commercial aspects are considered to be more important than the interests of the end users. This paper examines the procedural and material prerequisites to engineer standards for smart metering in such a way that the interests of all parties involved are reflected in the outcome.
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (12/2011)
Smart metering is an important tool in support of the transition to decentralized renewable energy production. However, the introduction of such a new tool requires careful preparation in order to convince people to accept it in their homes. The Dutch experience shows, that smart metering is up for failure when the technical and commercial aspects are considered to be more important than the interests of the end users. This paper examines the procedural and material prerequisites to engineer standards for smart metering in such a way that the interests of all parties involved are reflected in the outcome.
Sustainable bioenergy gives important impetus to green growth in the Baltic Sea region
© Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät Universität Rostock (11/2011)
The Baltic Sea region has the potential to become a pioneer in the transformation towards an ecologically sustainable economy.
© Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät Universität Rostock (11/2011)
The Baltic Sea region has the potential to become a pioneer in the transformation towards an ecologically sustainable economy.
Bioenergy for a regional value added in rural regions – results of the technologically-economic research to the competition Bioenergy Regions
© Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät Universität Rostock (11/2011)
Renewable energies not only have the potential to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy security, but they also offer chances for regional and rural development like the creation of new employment opportunities and increasing regional income. Especially for these regional effects bioenergy plays a significant role.
© Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät Universität Rostock (11/2011)
Renewable energies not only have the potential to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy security, but they also offer chances for regional and rural development like the creation of new employment opportunities and increasing regional income. Especially for these regional effects bioenergy plays a significant role.
Development of Bioenergy Projects in Asia – Feedstock Supply and Project Delivery Issues
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2011)
In both developed and developing countries, there is a constant demand for energy. An ideal energy source is a range of biomass resources such as landfill waste, industrial waste, animal waste, sewage, bagasse, energy crops, such as starch crops (e.g. wheat and corn), oil crops (e.g. palm oil and sunflower) and coppice (e.g. eucalyptus). These biomass resources can meet growing energy needs and assist in the reduction of greenhouse emissions caused by conventional coal fired power stations. Biomass can be used as co-firing in large scale coal power plants, or used in dedicated combined heat and power plants (both systems produce lower emissions than coal-only systems). Biomass can also be used to produce biogas, a mixture of gases including methane and hydrogen that can be used to fuel bioenergy plants.
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2011)
In both developed and developing countries, there is a constant demand for energy. An ideal energy source is a range of biomass resources such as landfill waste, industrial waste, animal waste, sewage, bagasse, energy crops, such as starch crops (e.g. wheat and corn), oil crops (e.g. palm oil and sunflower) and coppice (e.g. eucalyptus). These biomass resources can meet growing energy needs and assist in the reduction of greenhouse emissions caused by conventional coal fired power stations. Biomass can be used as co-firing in large scale coal power plants, or used in dedicated combined heat and power plants (both systems produce lower emissions than coal-only systems). Biomass can also be used to produce biogas, a mixture of gases including methane and hydrogen that can be used to fuel bioenergy plants.
Bioenergy Systems Sustainability Assessment and Management
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2011)
Bioenergy is a renewable energy that can potentially contribute to a wider range of economic, social, and environmental objectives, and facilitate sustainable development. The assessment, management and monitoring of the various bioenergy development options are complex in nature and deliver varying benefits; depending on the appropriateness of the implementation, management structure as well as the degree of uptake and adoption.
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2011)
Bioenergy is a renewable energy that can potentially contribute to a wider range of economic, social, and environmental objectives, and facilitate sustainable development. The assessment, management and monitoring of the various bioenergy development options are complex in nature and deliver varying benefits; depending on the appropriateness of the implementation, management structure as well as the degree of uptake and adoption.
How Can China and India Serve as Models for Developing Nations Striving to Build Absorption Capacity for Renewable Energy Technologies?
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2011)
This article proposes that globalization has changed the framework of absorption capacity. Firms able to tap foreign expertise to develop their knowledge base can apply it to the three traditional absorption capacity factors: R&D, manufacturing, and technical training. Chinese and Indian firms have quietly become global leaders in wind energy production by tapping global and regional learning networks to enhance their absorptive capacity for wind technologies.
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (10/2011)
This article proposes that globalization has changed the framework of absorption capacity. Firms able to tap foreign expertise to develop their knowledge base can apply it to the three traditional absorption capacity factors: R&D, manufacturing, and technical training. Chinese and Indian firms have quietly become global leaders in wind energy production by tapping global and regional learning networks to enhance their absorptive capacity for wind technologies.
LABILE CARBON FRACTIONS OF DIFFERENT BIOCHAR TYPES AND THE EFFECT OF BIOCHAR ON THE NITROGEN CYCLE
© HAWK Hochschule fĂĽr angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst - Fakultät Ressourcenmanagement (10/2011)
One of the gaps in biochar research is the understanding of biochar's short and longer term interactions with the nitrogen cycle, which will inevitably affect crop yields. Some potential effects of biochar on the N-cycle are linked with 1) mineralization of soil organic matter, 2) abiotic N-immobilization due to biochar's charge and high surface area and 3) biotic N-immobilization during respiration of the labile carbon fraction of biochar.
© HAWK Hochschule fĂĽr angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst - Fakultät Ressourcenmanagement (10/2011)
One of the gaps in biochar research is the understanding of biochar's short and longer term interactions with the nitrogen cycle, which will inevitably affect crop yields. Some potential effects of biochar on the N-cycle are linked with 1) mineralization of soil organic matter, 2) abiotic N-immobilization due to biochar's charge and high surface area and 3) biotic N-immobilization during respiration of the labile carbon fraction of biochar.
