History, status and prospects of biomass gasification
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (11/2006)
The paper introduces the gasification process with discussion of the main chemical reactions. Various gasification systems are described. The quality of the produced gas is also discussed, together with its use for power generation in boilers, gas engines and gas turbines. The gasification process is compared with the traditional combustion systems from technical, economical and environmental points of view. The current status of the gasification derives from the early applications of the gasification technologies for the production of city-gas and for the automotive industry. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the prospects of the gasification technology.
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (11/2006)
The paper introduces the gasification process with discussion of the main chemical reactions. Various gasification systems are described. The quality of the produced gas is also discussed, together with its use for power generation in boilers, gas engines and gas turbines. The gasification process is compared with the traditional combustion systems from technical, economical and environmental points of view. The current status of the gasification derives from the early applications of the gasification technologies for the production of city-gas and for the automotive industry. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the prospects of the gasification technology.
Biomass: waste or resource? Guidelines, norms and authorizations for a biogas plant set up
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (11/2006)
Nowadays wastes are considered a problem for the community and represent a critical aspect in our society especially the waste disposal is an expensive and effective problem. Thus waste can be used as energetic resource and also as a territorial recovering evaluation, environmental restoration and preservation. There is a need of alternative management techniques to better utilize the wastes and minimize the air, water and soil contamination: an anaerobic digester can be used for this purpose.The application of animal manure, organic waste and other types of biomass as energy sources will depend to a large extent on availability.
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (11/2006)
Nowadays wastes are considered a problem for the community and represent a critical aspect in our society especially the waste disposal is an expensive and effective problem. Thus waste can be used as energetic resource and also as a territorial recovering evaluation, environmental restoration and preservation. There is a need of alternative management techniques to better utilize the wastes and minimize the air, water and soil contamination: an anaerobic digester can be used for this purpose.The application of animal manure, organic waste and other types of biomass as energy sources will depend to a large extent on availability.
The potential contribution of biowaste to tackle Climate Change: shortcomings of Life Cycle Analysis concerning Biowaste and relevance to policy-making.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
The potential contribution of the agricultural sector to tackle climate change, widely neglected in the past, starts now being acknowledged. The absorption potential of agricultural soils could contribute significantly to fulfilling the reduction objective of the EU, which is -8% between 2008 and 2012 from a 1990 base. Keywords: LCA, Climate Change, C sequestration
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
The potential contribution of the agricultural sector to tackle climate change, widely neglected in the past, starts now being acknowledged. The absorption potential of agricultural soils could contribute significantly to fulfilling the reduction objective of the EU, which is -8% between 2008 and 2012 from a 1990 base. Keywords: LCA, Climate Change, C sequestration
Low tech options for pelletising of poultry manure in South East Asia
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: Due to the increasing wealth in the emerging countries of South East Asia the demand for poultry products is constantly rising. In correlation the waste production of this sector is growing. chicken manure, agglomeration, pellet
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: Due to the increasing wealth in the emerging countries of South East Asia the demand for poultry products is constantly rising. In correlation the waste production of this sector is growing. chicken manure, agglomeration, pellet
LCA and the carbon balance in the Netherlands - Life cycle assessment for household biowaste composting
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
Introduction: This presentation discusses the methodology and the results of a number of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies that have been carried to assess the environmental effects of household biowaste composting and compost usage, as compared to alternative treatment options.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
Introduction: This presentation discusses the methodology and the results of a number of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies that have been carried to assess the environmental effects of household biowaste composting and compost usage, as compared to alternative treatment options.
Using A Spreadsheet Computer Model For Design And Management Of Compost Systems
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: Minimizing the cost of producing compost is a major goal of the composting industry today. Computer simulation models using finite difference methods, allow management to better understand the interactions of biological, environmental, and physical factors on the cost of operating a system. However, these models require extensive set-up of the systems equations and parameters and do not allow for quick assessment of management changes on a system's performance.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: Minimizing the cost of producing compost is a major goal of the composting industry today. Computer simulation models using finite difference methods, allow management to better understand the interactions of biological, environmental, and physical factors on the cost of operating a system. However, these models require extensive set-up of the systems equations and parameters and do not allow for quick assessment of management changes on a system's performance.
Improvement of aggregate stability after urban compost addition in a silty soil
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: The instability of soil structure is a common problem for European silty soils leading to topsoil crustability and erodibility. In such soils, aggregate stability is mainly driven by their content in organic matter. Intensive cultivation led to the decrease in their organic matter content, thus increased soil structure alteration. Adding soil organic improvers, such as composts made from urban wastes, is a possible way to improve such degraded situations.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: The instability of soil structure is a common problem for European silty soils leading to topsoil crustability and erodibility. In such soils, aggregate stability is mainly driven by their content in organic matter. Intensive cultivation led to the decrease in their organic matter content, thus increased soil structure alteration. Adding soil organic improvers, such as composts made from urban wastes, is a possible way to improve such degraded situations.
A biomass boiler for cogeneration at a paper mill
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
New energy development in place of fossil use is being followed actively in Japan.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
New energy development in place of fossil use is being followed actively in Japan.
Proliferation of aerobic complex microorganisms during composting of rice bran with charcoal
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: In Japan biomass charcoal has been used for a long time as soil improver in a firm. Bamboo charcoal was added to rice bran as nutrient with composting aerobic complex microorganisms.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: In Japan biomass charcoal has been used for a long time as soil improver in a firm. Bamboo charcoal was added to rice bran as nutrient with composting aerobic complex microorganisms.
Biomass Energy: Bangladesh Perspective
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: Biomass fuels play an important role in Bangladesh to meet total energy demand and it is going to continue in the foreseeable future. Traditional fuels comprise 55% supply of the total energy demand in Bangladesh. In the 1980s, the organic fuels covered 65% of the total energy supply of the country. Of the total organic energy demand, 20% -30% is met by the fuelwood. The remaining 70%-80% is met form the agricultural by products (straw, husk etc) and cowdung.
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (9/2006)
SUMMARY: Biomass fuels play an important role in Bangladesh to meet total energy demand and it is going to continue in the foreseeable future. Traditional fuels comprise 55% supply of the total energy demand in Bangladesh. In the 1980s, the organic fuels covered 65% of the total energy supply of the country. Of the total organic energy demand, 20% -30% is met by the fuelwood. The remaining 70%-80% is met form the agricultural by products (straw, husk etc) and cowdung.
