Polish Waste-to-Energy Projects and their Perspectives
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The starting point of the paper was to characterise the current condition of the polish municpal waste management and to outline the most important challenges in this scope. the main part of the paper presents an overview and assessment of the current advancement of Polish construction projects of municpal waste thermal treatment facilities/waste-to-energy projects.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The starting point of the paper was to characterise the current condition of the polish municpal waste management and to outline the most important challenges in this scope. the main part of the paper presents an overview and assessment of the current advancement of Polish construction projects of municpal waste thermal treatment facilities/waste-to-energy projects.
Waste Management Research in a Future Megacity - Experiences from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The article explores the current situation of the waste management system in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As in most urban centers in developing countries, in Addis Ababa the fate of postconsumer materials, organic waste and other residuals is not well known. This is a result of the lack of a system of data collection throughout the waste management chain. Since there is no systematic recording and assessment of the amount of waste collected and transporte by the municipal or private enterprises, and the final disposal site lacks a weighing bridge to register the amount of residues landfilled, there is almost no robust data that helps assess the performance of the waste management system.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The article explores the current situation of the waste management system in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As in most urban centers in developing countries, in Addis Ababa the fate of postconsumer materials, organic waste and other residuals is not well known. This is a result of the lack of a system of data collection throughout the waste management chain. Since there is no systematic recording and assessment of the amount of waste collected and transporte by the municipal or private enterprises, and the final disposal site lacks a weighing bridge to register the amount of residues landfilled, there is almost no robust data that helps assess the performance of the waste management system.
Situation and Prospects of Waste Management in the Republic of Turkey
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The Republic of Turkey, with about 75 million inhabitants on an area of 74.724.269 kmsup2; and since 1999 a candidate for membership in the European Union, is currently economically the seventeenth strongest country in the world. In Europe it is the sixth largest economy. In 2011, the GDP (purchasing power parity) was approximately $ 1.026 trillion and the gross national product amounted to $ 763.1 billion. The growth rate amounted to 8.2% in 2010 and to 4.6% in 2011. The expected rates are for 2012 about 3.25% and for 2013 approximately 4.50%.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The Republic of Turkey, with about 75 million inhabitants on an area of 74.724.269 kmsup2; and since 1999 a candidate for membership in the European Union, is currently economically the seventeenth strongest country in the world. In Europe it is the sixth largest economy. In 2011, the GDP (purchasing power parity) was approximately $ 1.026 trillion and the gross national product amounted to $ 763.1 billion. The growth rate amounted to 8.2% in 2010 and to 4.6% in 2011. The expected rates are for 2012 about 3.25% and for 2013 approximately 4.50%.
Fourty Years of Waste Management in Germany - A Success Story with a few Errors
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Following the Second World War, along with rising prosperity, the amount and quality of waste also changed. Waste disposal was characterised by substantial deficits regarding the treatment capacity and the quality of the treatment plants. The few plants that were in existence did not adhere to the necessary standards regarding their technology, hygiene and environmental protection.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Following the Second World War, along with rising prosperity, the amount and quality of waste also changed. Waste disposal was characterised by substantial deficits regarding the treatment capacity and the quality of the treatment plants. The few plants that were in existence did not adhere to the necessary standards regarding their technology, hygiene and environmental protection.
Recent Municipal Waste Management Legislation in Poland
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
By amending the Act on Maintaining Cleanliness and Order in Municipalities¹ (Municipal Waste Act in short), it became mandatory in Poland from 1 January 2012 for municipal waste to be surrendered to public waste management authorities. The amending Act² containing these provisions was passed by Polish legislators on 1 July 2011, after many years of debate.³ The most important amendments and the consequences resulting from them are described in this article.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
By amending the Act on Maintaining Cleanliness and Order in Municipalities¹ (Municipal Waste Act in short), it became mandatory in Poland from 1 January 2012 for municipal waste to be surrendered to public waste management authorities. The amending Act² containing these provisions was passed by Polish legislators on 1 July 2011, after many years of debate.³ The most important amendments and the consequences resulting from them are described in this article.
Requirements for High Quality Recovery in German Waste Legislation
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The centre of German waste legislation is formed by the so-called Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz, (ff. abbrev. KrWG) translating approximately to "cycle waste management act". This new legal provision is to implement the Waste Framework Directive (WFD)¹ and one of its main features - the European waste hierarchy - into German law. The criterion of high quality recovery or rather the priority of high quality recovery is to be found in §² 8 III S. 3 KrWG and mirrors § 5 II S. 3 of the former cycle waste management and waste act (Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz ff. abbrev. Krw-/AbfG).
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The centre of German waste legislation is formed by the so-called Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz, (ff. abbrev. KrWG) translating approximately to "cycle waste management act". This new legal provision is to implement the Waste Framework Directive (WFD)¹ and one of its main features - the European waste hierarchy - into German law. The criterion of high quality recovery or rather the priority of high quality recovery is to be found in §² 8 III S. 3 KrWG and mirrors § 5 II S. 3 of the former cycle waste management and waste act (Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz ff. abbrev. Krw-/AbfG).
VKU Opinion on the Study Bio Intelligence Service to the European Commission (GD ENV) on Implementing EU Waste Legislation for Green Growth
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Environmental legislation is mostly established as a Framework at European Level. It thus defines the conditions for the activities of Member States as well as local waste Management utilities. VKU welcomes the fact that the authors of the study "Implementing EU Waste Legislation for Green Growth"¹ acknowledge the important role of local and regional public entities for the implementation of the EU waste legislation.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Environmental legislation is mostly established as a Framework at European Level. It thus defines the conditions for the activities of Member States as well as local waste Management utilities. VKU welcomes the fact that the authors of the study "Implementing EU Waste Legislation for Green Growth"¹ acknowledge the important role of local and regional public entities for the implementation of the EU waste legislation.
WEEE Recast - Status and Prospect
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Electrical and electronic appliances are a fast growing product Group with high diversification. The products contain recyclable material as metals, Plastics and rare earths, but also materials, inter alia in hte glass of Picture tubes, fridges, LCD-Screens and Computer boards. Their proper disposal, especially in the non-OECD countries, is a particular challenge for the Environment and health protection.¹ The european Community has therefore put in place the Directive 2002/96/EG for electrical and electronic waste Equipment (WEEE-Directive) on 13th February 2003.²
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Electrical and electronic appliances are a fast growing product Group with high diversification. The products contain recyclable material as metals, Plastics and rare earths, but also materials, inter alia in hte glass of Picture tubes, fridges, LCD-Screens and Computer boards. Their proper disposal, especially in the non-OECD countries, is a particular challenge for the Environment and health protection.¹ The european Community has therefore put in place the Directive 2002/96/EG for electrical and electronic waste Equipment (WEEE-Directive) on 13th February 2003.²
The EU Landfill Directive
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The European legislator has targeted the environmental risks and dangers of landfills with the Directive 1999/31/EC¹ on the landfill of waste (Landfill Directive). In order to cope with the dangers of landfills, uniform structures were created by way of the landfill directive.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The European legislator has targeted the environmental risks and dangers of landfills with the Directive 1999/31/EC¹ on the landfill of waste (Landfill Directive). In order to cope with the dangers of landfills, uniform structures were created by way of the landfill directive.
The Role of Brussels in Waste Legislation throughout the European Union
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The EU's influence on environmental legislation in Europe is hard to understate. It is assumed that over 80% of all legislation touching environmental issues in the EU is actually derived from EU Directives or other EU Actions.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
The EU's influence on environmental legislation in Europe is hard to understate. It is assumed that over 80% of all legislation touching environmental issues in the EU is actually derived from EU Directives or other EU Actions.
