Environmental effects of fireworks with special consideration of plastic emissions
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2020)
In Germany, about 133 million Euro are spent annually for New Year’s Eve fireworks, which result in 38,000 to 49,000 Mg of total firework mass. By a com-bination of desk research with official fireworks approval statistics, a customer survey, dismantling experiments with fireworks debris and with packaging characterisation, the total nationwide polymer emission was estimated to be 3,088 Mg. Out of this total mass, a projected polymer debris mass of 534 Mg was identified, and about 270 Mg of polymer packaging material. The remaining 2283 Mg of polymer mass are parts that eventually may remain at the launching site.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2020)
In Germany, about 133 million Euro are spent annually for New Year’s Eve fireworks, which result in 38,000 to 49,000 Mg of total firework mass. By a com-bination of desk research with official fireworks approval statistics, a customer survey, dismantling experiments with fireworks debris and with packaging characterisation, the total nationwide polymer emission was estimated to be 3,088 Mg. Out of this total mass, a projected polymer debris mass of 534 Mg was identified, and about 270 Mg of polymer packaging material. The remaining 2283 Mg of polymer mass are parts that eventually may remain at the launching site.
Disposal of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers – Problems During Recycling and Impacts on Waste Incineration
© ThomĂ©-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are becoming increasingly more ubiquitous in our daily lives. CFRPs are composite materials, consisting of carbon fibers with high mechanical capabilities and a formative polymer matrix. The production process of carbon fibers is complex and energy intensive, thus making CFRPs more expensive than comparable metal materials. The advantage of CFRPs lies in their weight; metal materials of the same properties weight up to five times as much. This makes CFRPs especially valuable in areas, where weight and cost directly correlate, but high mechanical properties are still essential.
© ThomĂ©-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are becoming increasingly more ubiquitous in our daily lives. CFRPs are composite materials, consisting of carbon fibers with high mechanical capabilities and a formative polymer matrix. The production process of carbon fibers is complex and energy intensive, thus making CFRPs more expensive than comparable metal materials. The advantage of CFRPs lies in their weight; metal materials of the same properties weight up to five times as much. This makes CFRPs especially valuable in areas, where weight and cost directly correlate, but high mechanical properties are still essential.
Treatment of Bottom Ashes of Waste-to-Energy Installations – State of the Art –
© ThomĂ©-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (12/2015)
Waste-to-Energy installations generate around 25 percent bottom ashes, that may be considered non-hazardous waste. On a total of 76 million tonnes of incinerated waste, this means a total of roughly 19 Million tonnes of bottom ashes.
© ThomĂ©-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (12/2015)
Waste-to-Energy installations generate around 25 percent bottom ashes, that may be considered non-hazardous waste. On a total of 76 million tonnes of incinerated waste, this means a total of roughly 19 Million tonnes of bottom ashes.
Resource Efficiency in the German Steel Industry
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2014)
Recovery and recycling of metals from residues is important for protecting our natural resources. Therefore we identified approaches for the utilization of residues of the German steel industry to improve resource efficiency. The study focuses on the residues blast furnace sludge, basic oxygen furnace dust/sludge and electric arc furnace (EAF) dust. The objective of the study was to find further, more efficient connections between process chains.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2014)
Recovery and recycling of metals from residues is important for protecting our natural resources. Therefore we identified approaches for the utilization of residues of the German steel industry to improve resource efficiency. The study focuses on the residues blast furnace sludge, basic oxygen furnace dust/sludge and electric arc furnace (EAF) dust. The objective of the study was to find further, more efficient connections between process chains.
Challenges in material flow accounting – Case study iron production process
© DGAW - Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Abfallwirtschaft e.V. (3/2014)
In this study the material flows of an iron production site are investigated. The plant utilizes waste plastics in addition to coke as reducing agent. Advantages and challenges for the application of material flow accounting on a company level are described, particularly with respect to data uncertainties from substance concentration measurements and error propagation.
© DGAW - Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Abfallwirtschaft e.V. (3/2014)
In this study the material flows of an iron production site are investigated. The plant utilizes waste plastics in addition to coke as reducing agent. Advantages and challenges for the application of material flow accounting on a company level are described, particularly with respect to data uncertainties from substance concentration measurements and error propagation.
Information: A Crucial Resource for Resource Management
© DGAW - Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Abfallwirtschaft e.V. (3/2014)
Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a central tool of resources management. Although data can be considered a crucial resource for resource management, there is no common understanding on what MFA data is, how it contributes to MFA results, and how it can be discussed and communicated. This study contributes to this issue by proposing a terminology for information in Material Flow Analysis, and indicating further research steps towards consistent data base analysis and data quality assessment. The approaches of this study are illustrated by examples of two nation-wide MFA case studies on metals and phosphorus. The findings can, among others, contribute to increased MFA system understanding, database communication and data quality assessment.
© DGAW - Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Abfallwirtschaft e.V. (3/2014)
Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a central tool of resources management. Although data can be considered a crucial resource for resource management, there is no common understanding on what MFA data is, how it contributes to MFA results, and how it can be discussed and communicated. This study contributes to this issue by proposing a terminology for information in Material Flow Analysis, and indicating further research steps towards consistent data base analysis and data quality assessment. The approaches of this study are illustrated by examples of two nation-wide MFA case studies on metals and phosphorus. The findings can, among others, contribute to increased MFA system understanding, database communication and data quality assessment.
bifa-Text No. 62: Ecoefficiency analysis of photovoltaic modules / english version
© bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH (2/2014)
The study by the bifa environmental institute describes a future-orientated view of the ecological and economic effects of photovoltaic (PV) systems along their whole life cycle.
© bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH (2/2014)
The study by the bifa environmental institute describes a future-orientated view of the ecological and economic effects of photovoltaic (PV) systems along their whole life cycle.
Selection and Recycling/Recovery of Glass from Fluidized Bed Bottom Ash
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2013)
Slag from Waste Incineration and bottom ash from fluidized-bed incineration of residual municipal solid waste contain relevant quantities of recyclable materials: glass, metals, stones. While recyclable parts of wet settled slag from grid incineration are contaminated with adherences, bottom particles of dry settled bottom ash from fluidized bed incineration are free of adherences.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2013)
Slag from Waste Incineration and bottom ash from fluidized-bed incineration of residual municipal solid waste contain relevant quantities of recyclable materials: glass, metals, stones. While recyclable parts of wet settled slag from grid incineration are contaminated with adherences, bottom particles of dry settled bottom ash from fluidized bed incineration are free of adherences.
RecoDust-Process for the Recycling of Steel Mill Dusts
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2012)
For the processing of metals and their oxides there is always the problem of residual materials like dusts or sludges. Because of that, environmental concerns become more and more important to the government and to companies. Due to changes in environmental laws, the disposal of process residues becomes more challenging and more expensive. This is the reason why inertisation of hazardous materials and the fabrication of saleable products get more interesting for the metal industry.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2012)
For the processing of metals and their oxides there is always the problem of residual materials like dusts or sludges. Because of that, environmental concerns become more and more important to the government and to companies. Due to changes in environmental laws, the disposal of process residues becomes more challenging and more expensive. This is the reason why inertisation of hazardous materials and the fabrication of saleable products get more interesting for the metal industry.
Metal Recycling at Waste Incineration Plants and Mechanical Waste Treatment Plants
© ThomĂ©-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Whether the treatment and sorting facility for metal recycling is right next to a waste incineration plant, or whether this is done at the treatment facility of a dedicated company, is a business decision that has to be taken by each incineration plant individually. Systemically this is of lower priority, although the additional costs for transport will have to be taken into consideration in the climate Balance.
© ThomĂ©-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (10/2012)
Whether the treatment and sorting facility for metal recycling is right next to a waste incineration plant, or whether this is done at the treatment facility of a dedicated company, is a business decision that has to be taken by each incineration plant individually. Systemically this is of lower priority, although the additional costs for transport will have to be taken into consideration in the climate Balance.
