Brave New World – Selected Jurisdictional Pitfalls when Acting on International Waste-to-Energy Projects
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
Over the last few years, Waste-to-Energy (WtE) projects became increasingly international. In times of low interest rates, solid infrastructure projects with their fix return rates are more and more attractive to project developers, international investors as well as EPC and O&M contractors. They attract financial and strategic investors which would otherwise not turn towards these rather long-term investments. Therefore, a continuously increasing number of international players from different jurisdictions is entering the global playing field.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
Over the last few years, Waste-to-Energy (WtE) projects became increasingly international. In times of low interest rates, solid infrastructure projects with their fix return rates are more and more attractive to project developers, international investors as well as EPC and O&M contractors. They attract financial and strategic investors which would otherwise not turn towards these rather long-term investments. Therefore, a continuously increasing number of international players from different jurisdictions is entering the global playing field.
Development of Waste-to-Energy Projects
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
The first objective of waste management must always be to protect society and the health of individuals from harmful substances contained in the waste. Along the various methods around the globe with which waste has been treated the waste pyramid or waste management hierarchy has become widely accepted as the governing principle for waste management in modern societies. These principles have also been integrated in the European waste framework directive 2008/98/EC. At the bottom of the pyramid lays disposal of waste, meaning it is the least favourable option to treat a primary waste. However this does not mean implementing the waste pyramid prohibits disposal. It merely means that before disposal all other meaningful options are exhausted, and the quantity has been minimized.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
The first objective of waste management must always be to protect society and the health of individuals from harmful substances contained in the waste. Along the various methods around the globe with which waste has been treated the waste pyramid or waste management hierarchy has become widely accepted as the governing principle for waste management in modern societies. These principles have also been integrated in the European waste framework directive 2008/98/EC. At the bottom of the pyramid lays disposal of waste, meaning it is the least favourable option to treat a primary waste. However this does not mean implementing the waste pyramid prohibits disposal. It merely means that before disposal all other meaningful options are exhausted, and the quantity has been minimized.
Enhancing of the Energy Efficiency of an Existing Waste Incineration Plant by Retrofitting with a District Heating Network
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
The German Cycle Economy Act (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz KrWG) and discussions on the turn of local energy policies led to intensive examination of options for optimising utilisation of heat produced by the waste incineration plant (MKW) in Weißenhorn. This has been carried out by the waste management firm(Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb – AWB) of the district of Neu-Ulm over a long period of time. This was also prompted by knowledge that utilisation of already generated energy in the form of combined heat and power generation (CHP) is one of the most efficient ways of achieving climate protection targets. This results from considering which courses of action are available for climate protection.
© Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH (9/2016)
The German Cycle Economy Act (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz KrWG) and discussions on the turn of local energy policies led to intensive examination of options for optimising utilisation of heat produced by the waste incineration plant (MKW) in Weißenhorn. This has been carried out by the waste management firm(Abfallwirtschaftsbetrieb – AWB) of the district of Neu-Ulm over a long period of time. This was also prompted by knowledge that utilisation of already generated energy in the form of combined heat and power generation (CHP) is one of the most efficient ways of achieving climate protection targets. This results from considering which courses of action are available for climate protection.
Effect of operating Parameters during compost stability Respiration activity tests
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (6/2012)
The goal of this work was to assess the effect of various operating parameters (sample size, temperature, air flowrate)during static and dynamic respiration activity tests that are used to assess compost stability. The material used in allexperiments was a MSW compost derived from a commingled MSW composting facility in Athens, Greece. Thefacility receives raw commingled MSW that go through several pre-processing steps, an active in-vessel compostingstep of 18 hr and 6 weeks and a final curing period of 5-6 weeks. Further Authors: D. Kanellos - Democritus University of Thrace C. Kletsas - Democritus University of Thrace
© European Compost Network ECN e.V. (6/2012)
The goal of this work was to assess the effect of various operating parameters (sample size, temperature, air flowrate)during static and dynamic respiration activity tests that are used to assess compost stability. The material used in allexperiments was a MSW compost derived from a commingled MSW composting facility in Athens, Greece. Thefacility receives raw commingled MSW that go through several pre-processing steps, an active in-vessel compostingstep of 18 hr and 6 weeks and a final curing period of 5-6 weeks. Further Authors: D. Kanellos - Democritus University of Thrace C. Kletsas - Democritus University of Thrace
French national household waste characterization survey
© Wasteconsult International (6/2010)
A representative sample was constituted of 100 municipalities randomly selected to represent the country as a whole. Rubbish in these municipalities was collected in two separate containers, one for household waste and the other for waste generated by economically productive activities. Samples of residual household waste were dried, screened and then sorted into 13 categories and 39 sub-categories. Samples of sourceseparated materials were simply screened, then sorted.
© Wasteconsult International (6/2010)
A representative sample was constituted of 100 municipalities randomly selected to represent the country as a whole. Rubbish in these municipalities was collected in two separate containers, one for household waste and the other for waste generated by economically productive activities. Samples of residual household waste were dried, screened and then sorted into 13 categories and 39 sub-categories. Samples of sourceseparated materials were simply screened, then sorted.
bifa-Text Nr. 42: CDM - Clean Development Mechanism in the waste management sector
© bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH (10/2009)
An analysis of potentials and barriers within the present methodological framework
© bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH (10/2009)
An analysis of potentials and barriers within the present methodological framework
FULL-SCALE AEROBIC COMPOSTING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE OF ISTANBUL METROPOLITIAN
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
Composting is a desirable technique to recover the organic fraction of solid wastes for municipalities. It offers the obvious beneficial uses of the resources and creates a useful product from organic waste that would otherwise be landfilled. Since the European Landfill Directive (EU 1999/31) requires the reduction of significant organic part of the MSW to be landfilled, composting has become the viable alternative to landfills. Among the alternatives for the elimination of MSW, composting is widely accepted as the most sustainable strategy for the decomposition and stabilization of the organic fraction of MSW (Hansen et al., 1993; Chefetz et al., 1996).
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
Composting is a desirable technique to recover the organic fraction of solid wastes for municipalities. It offers the obvious beneficial uses of the resources and creates a useful product from organic waste that would otherwise be landfilled. Since the European Landfill Directive (EU 1999/31) requires the reduction of significant organic part of the MSW to be landfilled, composting has become the viable alternative to landfills. Among the alternatives for the elimination of MSW, composting is widely accepted as the most sustainable strategy for the decomposition and stabilization of the organic fraction of MSW (Hansen et al., 1993; Chefetz et al., 1996).
MULTICRITERIA SELECTION OF ORGANIC WASTE RECYCLING SYSTEMS BY ANALYTICAL NETWORK PROCESS
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
In Japan, the use of organic wastes such as kitchen waste and livestock manure has been strongly encouraged within the political framework through the Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material-cycle Society (The Ministry of the Environment in Japan, 2000), the Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-cycle Society (The Ministry of the Environment in Japan, 2003) and the Biomass Nippon General Strategy (Government of Japan, 2002). Various activities have been conducted to develop an organic waste recycling system appropriate to regional conditions. To develop a sound recycling system in a region, systems approach is effective (Furuichi et al., 2007).
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
In Japan, the use of organic wastes such as kitchen waste and livestock manure has been strongly encouraged within the political framework through the Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material-cycle Society (The Ministry of the Environment in Japan, 2000), the Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-cycle Society (The Ministry of the Environment in Japan, 2003) and the Biomass Nippon General Strategy (Government of Japan, 2002). Various activities have been conducted to develop an organic waste recycling system appropriate to regional conditions. To develop a sound recycling system in a region, systems approach is effective (Furuichi et al., 2007).
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW COLLECTION SCHEME FOR POST-CONSUMER PVC WASTE IN THE PROVINCE OF ROME
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
The present study was aimed at evaluating the post-consumer PVC quality and management in the Province of Rome. The survey, carried out through a questionnaire filled in by the waste management and collection plants of the Province, allowed the comprehension of the awareness and capacity of individuation of PVC waste by the plants operators, and of the waste management typology inside the collection centres.
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
The present study was aimed at evaluating the post-consumer PVC quality and management in the Province of Rome. The survey, carried out through a questionnaire filled in by the waste management and collection plants of the Province, allowed the comprehension of the awareness and capacity of individuation of PVC waste by the plants operators, and of the waste management typology inside the collection centres.
COUPLING GIS AND SYSTEM SIMULATION MODELS UNDER A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING SANITARY LANDFILL PERFORMANCE
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
Performance based landfill design is a design approach which selects the most appropriate design components of a landfill and their design details to result in the desired overall performance with respect to performance criteria considering system variables (Tarhan and Ünlü, 2005). Large number or landfill system variables and their complex interactions make the performance-based landfill design a challenging engineering problem. Decision support systems (DSS) are among the most promising approaches to confront this complexity.
© IWWG International Waste Working Group (10/2007)
Performance based landfill design is a design approach which selects the most appropriate design components of a landfill and their design details to result in the desired overall performance with respect to performance criteria considering system variables (Tarhan and Ünlü, 2005). Large number or landfill system variables and their complex interactions make the performance-based landfill design a challenging engineering problem. Decision support systems (DSS) are among the most promising approaches to confront this complexity.
